Method for developing animal model of Chinese medicine

The TCM animal model is an experimental animal that artificially replicates certain characteristics of human disease prototypes based on TCM theory and creates artificial diseases and syndromes. Through the study of animal models, the essence of the syndrome is explored, the basic laws of syndrome differentiation and treatment, the use of traditional Chinese medicine and compound are standardized, and the combination of experimental Chinese medicine and clinical practice can make a breakthrough in the development of Chinese medicine theory, thus contributing to Convenient and more effective understanding of the occurrence and development of human diseases and research and control measures.  

The establishment of TCM animal models, the selection of its modeling methods is very important, and the modeling methods can be roughly classified into the following three types.  

I. Establishing an animal model for simulating the traditional etiology of traditional Chinese medicine  
Such models are based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory, for the purpose of research and development of "pure" TCM animal models, generally not equal to modern medical disease models, modeling methods are single factor and composite factors.  
1. Single factor modeling: According to the principle of "terror-injured kidney" of traditional Chinese medicine, the model of congenital kidney deficiency is obtained by using the cat to scare the pregnant rat method; with the theory of gas consumption and gas breaking, the Chinese medicine (rhubarb, magnolia, scorpion) is used to irrigate Feeding the rats, shaping the animal model of spleen qi deficiency; using the principle of cold stagnation and yang, and the main cold syndrome of the late vein, using the cold stimulation method (the rat in the cold environment of minus 15C, lasting about 4H), copying the "late pulse" model Then, apply Wenyang Huoxue Traditional Chinese Medicine (Aconite, Codonopsis, Salvia, Red Flower, etc.) to make it rejuvenate.  
2. Compound factors modeling: Using the small station method of sleep deprivation, simulating the causes of "stunning" and "labor" of TCM theory, establishing a model of heart deficiency syndrome in rats; using the causes of congenital deficiency and acquired dystrophy of TCM, copying Rabbit weak and susceptible animal model, with the "kneading, three sputum, Sanliqiu" massage technique to rejuvenate, indicating that this method has the effect of strengthening the righteousness and evil spirits; using the huanghuangtang sweating plus wind and cold stimulation and high temperature sweating plus wind and cold stimulation Making a model of mouse qi-deficiency animal, Yupingfeng San has a corrective effect on this model; according to the theory of blood deficiency syndrome, due to the lack of blood production and blood consumption, the blood-deficient and restricted diet method is used to replicate the "blood deficiency" animal. Model; using the comprehensive method of hunger, wine vinegar and rhubarb to shape the "spleen deficiency syndrome" rat model, and the treatment of Sijunzi Decoction in Chen and Yu, the results suggest that the treatment effect is better.  
Second, the use of Western medicine etiology and pathological replication animal model  
Most of these models are based on specific chemical, biological, mechanical, and physical pathogenic factors, and replicate animal models of Western or Chinese medical names, or use traditional Chinese medicine or Chinese medicine to observe the effects and monitor pathological changes. Attention to the pathological damage of animal tissues, organs or the whole body is the most widely used experimental form.

1. Chemical factor stimulation method: If the dexamethasone method is used to establish a model of glucocorticoid inhibition in rabbits, it is observed that the Chinese medicine habitat can alleviate the effects of glucocorticoids on the pituitary-adrenal cortex system and morphology of rabbits; The rabbit ear vein was injected with 10% high molecular weight dextran solution to replicate the animal model of "blood sputum". The experiment proved that Chuanxiong injection has a good therapeutic effect on "blood sputum" animals; after using the appropriate amount of colchicine in the stomach, it appeared. A series of typical spleen deficiency syndrome and corresponding changes in biochemical and tissue indicators consistent with spleen deficiency syndrome, the use of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction can make these pathological changes effective prevention and treatment.  
2. Biological factors stimulation method: The fifth generation of hybrid mice of New Zealand black and white Kunming mice have the characteristics of self-IgG and anti-nuclear antibodies, and are induced by serum or tissue fluid to form a pathological model similar to human internal injury syndrome; Inoculation of "Pneumococcus pneumoniae" as a modeling factor, the animal model of rabbit evil heat and sputum lung syndrome was preliminarily established. The experiment was treated with the representative prescription of Xuanfei diathermy - Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang, which confirmed that Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang was evil. Therapeutic effect of hot sputum lung; based on the establishment of the bacterium model of the bacterium of the bacterium of Pasteurella, and the mouse model, the treatment of phlegm and phlegm and phlegm and blood stasis in blocking the transmission of warm disease The results suggest that the drug can significantly reduce the high fever of the model animals, improve symptoms, control the lesions, reduce the damage, and the survival time of the director, so as to achieve the therapeutic effect of blocking the gas-transfer and promoting the recovery of the body.  
3. Physical and mechanical factors stimulation: a model of focal focal cerebral ischemia caused by ligation of a middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in rats, through neuropathy, passive conditioning, cerebral infarction area and brain tissue disease in rats with MACO The examination and determination of a number of indicators, such as science, showed the obvious therapeutic effect of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture on focal cerebral ischemia; the experimental animal model of “Lung and large intestine phase” was constructed by in vitro rectal semi-ligation, highlighting that The reactive lung injury occurred in the model rats after artificial rectal stenosis. Dachengqi decoction significantly promoted the repairing effect; the domestic model G32 electrothermal cautery was used instead of Jane Boudet method to make experimental chronic renal failure model in rats. In the experiment, it was found that rats with chronic renal failure caused by electrocautery had more severe blood stasis.  
4. Synthetic factor stimulation method: Using dexamethasone, furosemide and E. coli endotoxin combined modeling, the rabbit animal model of warm disease and yin injury syndrome was made. The method was simple and the model rabbits showed signs of syndrome. And pathological changes are highly correlated with traditional Chinese medicine theory; enterogenous endotoxemia (EETM) is administered to rats by intravenous injection of Pb-Acet and serotonin (5-HT) and oral LPS. Modeling, while Dachengqitang has obvious protective effect on the pathological damage of EETM model; the rats were in the state of yin deficiency and anger and replication of chronic blood stasis model with fludrocortisone and adrenaline.  
3. Modeling animal models based on the etiology of integrated Chinese and Western medicine  
The modeling method of this kind of model is not only using the pathogenesis theory of Chinese medicine, but also considering the pathogenic principle of Western medicine. In fact, it is an animal model that combines the above two types of modeling points, which is currently less applied. An experimental method. For example, based on the animal model of arthritis induced by type II collagen, the wind-cold dampness is the external cause of phlegm and blood stasis, and the kidney deficiency is the internal cause of phlegm and blood stasis. Based on the results of the study of kidney essence combined with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, the compound factor method is used to make the phlegm syndrome. Animal model; the model of spleen deficiency syndrome of rats was formed by factors such as unhealthy diet and excessive fatigue. On this basis, Alzheimer type dementia disease model was replicated with aluminum chloride (AlCl), and the spleen and stomach prescriptions have good curative effect. After the rabbits were fasted for 18 hours, the rabbits were given diuretic diuretic dehydration, resulting in a "yin-jin deficiency" state, and then injected with E. coli endotoxin to "hot", thus completing the warm-blood yin deficiency heat model. The experimental NIDDM rat model (diabetes) was replicated by intraperitoneal injection of medium-dose streptozotocin and a fat-feeding diet for 10 weeks; the animals were given cold-cold medicine and the coronary artery was ligated. And gradually narrowing the diameter of the ascending aorta, making rabbit model of congestive heart failure, yin deficiency and yang deficiency water, and adding Zhenwei Tang injection can significantly reduce plasma endothelin levels in rabbits. One of the mechanisms of action of the syndrome.

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